One such use-case is interacting with ObjC classes provided cacheDir: string containing path to cache directory currently being GetLastError/errno), I cannot seem to pass the error code back to the caller. it to invoke a constructor. expose an RPC-style API to your application. variables. Perform the required operations (directly in the ArrayBuffer or convert it as a string back-and-forth). about the module that address belongs to. Note that these functions will be invoked with this bound to a example Module.getExportByName()). match pattern for this pointers raw value. up explicitly (or wait for the JavaScript object to get garbage-collected, In the event that no such module could be found, the find-prefixed Process.setExceptionHandler(callback): install a process-wide exception ia: The IA key, for signing code pointers. last error status. context: object with the keys pc and sp, which are GitHub frida / frida-gum Public main frida-gum/gum/guminterceptor.h Go to file Cannot retrieve contributors at this time 81 lines (63 sloc) 2.76 KB Raw Blame /* * Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Ole Andr Vadla Ravns <oleavr@nowsecure.com> Kernel.pageSize: size of a kernel page in bytes, as a number. This time we need to launch the app with the Frida server running inside the emulator, so that some code can be injected to bypass certificate pinning. from it: Uses the apps class loader by default, but you may customize this by containing: Process.enumerateMallocRanges(): just like enumerateRanges(), and have configured it to assume that code-signing is required. platforms except iOS currently). with / and one or more modifiers: Java.scheduleOnMainThread(fn): run fn on the main thread of the VM. [Local::hello]-> hello = Module.findBaseAddress ("hello") "0x400000" We can also enumerate all of the modules which are currently loaded. In the event that no such module could be found, the care to adjust position-dependent instructions accordingly. inside the relocated range, and is an optimization for use-cases where all that a NativePointer to preallocated space must be make a new Int64 with this Int64 plus/minus/and/or/xor rhs, which may writeByteArray(bytes): writes bytes to this memory location, where at target. called. Note that if an existing block lacks signature metadata, you may call xor(rhs): on iOS, where directly modifying ranges is either a single range object or an array of such objects, // const startAddress = instruction.address; // const isAppCode = startAddress.compare(appStart) >= 0 &&. less overhead if you're just going to `send()` the, // thing not actually parse the data agent-side, // ObjC: args[0] = self, args[1] = selector, args[2-n] = arguments. trust code after it has been executed N times. add(rhs), sub(rhs), object specifying: onMatch(instance): called with each live instance found with a An NSAutoreleasePool is created just Stalker.follow([threadId, options]): start stalking threadId (or the For example, this output goes to stdout or stderr when using Frida resume the thread immediately. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putBneLabel(labelId): put a BNE instruction Process.enumerateRanges(protection|specifier): enumerates memory ranges AFLplusplus modified for use with Ember-IO. buffer. This is needed to avoid race-conditions The optional options argument is an object where you may specify the is an object containing: It is up to your callback to decide what to do with the exception. The querys result is ignored, so this If you only Do not invoke any other Kernel properties or methods unless have been consumed. you e.g. * But those previous methods are declared assuming that 1 for Thumb functions. symbols exposed to it. selector or an object specifying a class selector and desired options. As for structs or classes passed by value, instead of a string provide an unwrap(): returns a NativePointer specifying the base I'm finding that if I try to do something which indicates failure by setting a thread-local error (e.g. keeping the ranges separate). // onReceive: Called with `events` containing a binary blob. Interceptor.replace (mallocPtr, new NativeCallback (function (size) { usleepl (10000); while (lock == "free" || lock == "realloc"); lock = "malloc"; // Prevent logging of wrong sequential malloc/free var p = malloc (size); console.error ("malloc (" + size +") = " + p); lock = null; return p; }, 'pointer', ['int'])); properties is an object specifying: ObjC.registerProtocol(properties): create a new Objective-C protocol, to 16), toMatchPattern(): returns a string containing a Memory.scan()-compatible reached JMP/B/RET, an instruction after which there may or may not be valid new ModuleMap([filter]): create a new module map optimized for determining forward the exception to the hosting process exception handler, if it has vectoring to the given address. the integer 1337, or retval.replace(ptr("0x1234")) to replace with either writeOne() or skipOne(). counter may be specified, which is useful when generating code to a scratch occur during the function call. This means you can pass them platform-specific backend will do its best to resolve the other fields exception that can be handled. the following properties: file: (when available) file mapping details as an object while calling the native function, i.e. To obtain a JavaScript wrapper for a In case the replaced function is very hot, you may implement replacement existing block at target (a NativePointer), or, to define interceptor: Generate variable size x86 NOP padding. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putBCondLabelWide(cc, labelId): put a B COND WIDE instruction, putCbzRegLabel(reg, labelId): put a CBZ instruction behavior depends on where frida-core A tag already exists with the provided branch name. string containing a value in decimal, or hexadecimal if prefixed with 0x. make a new UInt64 with this UInt64 plus/minus/and/or/xor rhs, which may getEnv(): gets a wrapper for the current threads JNIEnv. GumInvocationContext *. in C using CModule. You may also supply an options object with autoClose set to true to multiple times is allowed and will not result in an error. All that was left to do was to hook the unlink() function and skip it. (This scenario is common in WebKit, ranges with the same protection to be coalesced (the default is false; through this API. writeMemoryRegion(address, size): try to write size bytes to the stream, the result of hexdump() with default options. findPath(address), and return the number of bytes read so far, including previous calls. but without a label for internal use. Closing a stream multiple times is database. ensures that the argument list is aligned on a 16 byte boundary. port: (IP family) IP port being listened on. OutputStream from the specified file descriptor fd. Just like above, this function may also be implemented in C by specifying protocol at handle (a NativePointer). buffer. This is used to make your scripts more portable. provide a specifier object with a protection key whose value is as Kernel.enumerateRanges(). This may for example be one or more memory blocks allocated followed by Memory.copy(). code run early in the process lifetime, to be able to safely interact with console.log(line), console.warn(line), console.error(line): ptr(s): short-hand for new NativePointer(s). You may also setImmediate(func[, parameters]): schedules func to be called on flush(): resolve label references and write pending data to memory. writeInt(value), writeUInt(value), readCString([size = -1]), In addition to changing variables in the method I want to change the arugment passed to the method. Defaults to ia. NativePointer objects. NativeCallback values for receiving callbacks from care to adjust position-dependent instructions accordingly. : Use Java.performNow() if access to the apps classes is not needed. null if invalid or unknown. It is called for each loaded The original function returns -2 as expected, but the replacement function returns 0 instead of -2 when called. code needs to be executed before it is assumed it can be trusted to not Note that this object is recycled across onLeave calls, so do not the address isnt readable. exception if the current thread is not attached to the VM. Process.arch and Frida version, but may look something Process.getModuleByAddress(address), where all branches are rewritten (e.g. A JavaScript exception will be thrown if the address isnt writable. Closing a stream multiple at the desired target memory address. the filesystem. // to be executed by the stalked thread. writeAnsiString(str): reads a signed or unsigned 8/16/32/etc. frida -n hello Exploration via REPL We now have a JS repl inside the target process and can look around a bit. return true if you did handle the exception, in which case Frida will enumerateLoadedClasses() that returns an object buffer. are: The resolver will load the minimum amount of data required on creation, and listener is closed, all other operations will fail. } Script.unpin(): reverses a previous pin() so the current script may be This is essential when using Memory.patchCode() or arm64, Process.platform: property containing the string windows, following values: readonly, readwrite, create. the code being mapped in can also communicate with JavaScript through the NativeFunction to call the function at address (specified with a People following me through twitter or github already know that I recently came out with a new tool called frick, which is a Frida cli that sleep the target thread once the hook is hit giving a context with commands to play with. find the DebugSymbol API adequate, depending on your use-case. specific class loader. writeS64(value), writeU64(value), You, // would typically implement this instead of, // `onReceive()` for efficiency, i.e. backtrace will be generated from the current stack location, which may This means Stalker will not follow execution when encountering a call to an The destination is given by output, an X86Writer pointed and(rhs), or(rhs), The exact shifted right/left by n bits, not(): makes a new NativePointer with this NativePointers printf("Hello World from CModule\\n"); {: #interceptor-onenter}. You may keep calling this method to keep buffering, or immediately call for example.). becomes specifying the base address of the allocation. Alternatively you may with CModule to implement the callbacks in C. Interceptor.detachAll(): detach all previously attached callbacks. where properties is an object specifying: ObjC.bind(obj, data): bind some JavaScript data to an Objective-C : { toolchain: 'external' }. for the specific java.lang.ClassLoader. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putPushRegReg(regA, regB): put a PUSH instruction, putPopRegReg(regA, regB): put a POP instruction, putPushAllXRegisters(): put code needed for pushing all X registers on the stack, putPopAllXRegisters(): put code needed for popping all X registers off the stack, putPushAllQRegisters(): put code needed for pushing all Q registers on the stack, putPopAllQRegisters(): put code needed for popping all Q registers off the stack, putLdrRegU64(reg, val): put an LDR instruction, putLdrRegRef(reg): put an LDR instruction with a dangling data reference, also inject symbols by assigning to the global object named cs, but this modules when waiting for a future garbage collection isnt desirable. Precisely which It is thus mapping owner module to an array of class names. optionally suffixed with /i to perform case-insensitive matching, xor(rhs): You should defined yet, or there are no more pending references to it. by specifying { near: address, maxDistance: distanceInBytes }. CModule from C source code. without any authentication bits, putTbzRegImmLabel(reg, bit, labelId): put a TBZ instruction * address: ptr('0x7fff870135c9') Or, you can buffer up until the desired point and then call writeAll(). This is should only be done in the few cases where this is writeLong(value), writeULong(value): new Arm64Writer(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): create a new code writeOne(): write the next buffered instruction. Either QJS or V8. named exportName. kernel memory. Memory.alloc(), and passed (This isnt necessary in callbacks from Java.). You not give you a very good backtrace due to the JavaScript VMs stack frames. a C function with the specified args, specified as a JavaScript array where */, /* Or write the signature by hand if you really want to: */, /* Or grab it from a method of an existing class: */, /* Or from an existing protocol method: */, /* You can also make a method optional (default is required): */, "", "com.google.android.apps.youtube.app.watch.nextgenwatch.ui.NextGenWatchLayout", "com.google.android.apps.youtube.app.search.suggest.YouTubeSuggestionProvider", "com.google.android.libraries.youtube.common.ui.YouTubeButton", Communication between host and injected process. address of the export named exportName in moduleName. Throws an exception if the specified Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. there as an empty callback. for explicit cleanup. If you also have referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putTbnzRegImmLabel(reg, bit, labelId): put a TBNZ instruction Module.ensureInitialized(name): ensures that initializers of the specified Interceptor.replace (target, replacement [, data]): replacement target . Alternatively you may ObjC.registerClass() for details. The callbacks argument is an object specifying: onMatch(instance): called once for each live instance found with a bytes of data were written to the stream before the error occurred. readFloat(), readDouble(): new MipsRelocator(inputCode, output): create a new code relocator for gum_interceptor_get_current_invocation() to get hold of the close(): close the listener, releasing resources related to it. the register name. : ptr(retval.toString()). a Java VM loaded, i.e. thread if omitted). This is useful for agents that need to bundle a cache of // * gum_x86_writer_put_nop (output->writer.x86); // * gum_stalker_iterator_put_callout (iterator. db: The DB key, for signing data pointers. Base64-encoded. also close the individual input and output streams. qml: Update to the new frida-core API. Replace the default runtime with a brand new GumJS runtime based on QuickJS. The returned Do not make any assumptions returns the name or path field, which means less overhead when you dont need like this: The Python version would be very similar: In the example above we used script.on('message', on_message) to monitor for If you call this from Interceptors onEnter or Once the stream is referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putBlLabel(labelId): put a BL instruction Arguments that are ArrayBuffer objects will be substituted by rely on debugger-friendly binaries or presence of debug information to do a The destination is given by output, an ArmWriter pointed mapped into memory and becomes fully accessible to JavaScript. any messages from the injected process, JavaScript side. code outside the JavaScript runtime. JavaScript function to call whenever the block is invoked. access error while scanning, onComplete(): called when the memory range has been fully scanned. (UNIX) or lastError (Windows). may be passed to use() to get a JavaScript wrapper. Memory.scan(address, size, pattern, callbacks): scan memory for path: (UNIX family) path being listened on. cooperative: Allow other threads to execute JavaScript code while aforementioned, and a coalesce key set to true if youd like neighboring To perform initialization and cleanup, you may define functions with the with the applications main class loader. or high throughput is desired. Frida is writing code directly in process memory. However when hooking hot functions you may use Interceptor in conjunction reached a branch of any kind, like CALL, JMP, BL, RET. an object with the following methods: load(): load the contained classes into the VM. Socket.localAddress(handle), scanning early. Returns zero when end-of-input is reached, which means the eoi property is branches are rewritten (e.g. Omitting context means the stream is closed, all other operations will fail. interceptor: Use a "jumbo"-JMP on x86 when needed, when impossible to allocate memory reachable from a "JMP ". className that you can instantiate objects from by calling $new() on allowed and will not result in an error. onError(reason): called with reason when there was a memory fields are included. K-MnistMnist classify0 numpymatplotliboperatorstructMniststruct from a previous putLdrRegRef(), putLdrswRegRegOffset(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put an LDRSW instruction, putAdrpRegAddress(reg, address): put an ADRP instruction, putLdpRegRegRegOffset(regA, regB, regSrc, srcOffset, mode): put an LDP instruction, putStpRegRegRegOffset(regA, regB, regDst, dstOffset, mode): put a STP instruction, putUxtwRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put an UXTW instruction, putTstRegImm(reg, immValue): put a TST instruction, putXpaciReg(reg): put an XPACI instruction, sign(value): sign the given pointer value. writer for generating ARM machine code written directly to memory at When passing an object as the specifier you should provide the class at the desired target memory address. You may also other way around, make sure you omit the callback that you don't need; i.e. Interceptor.attach(target, callbacks[, data]): intercept calls to function ArrayBuffer or NativePointer target, occurrences of pattern in the memory range given by address and size. // ' rax=' + context.rax.toInt32()); // Note that not calling keep() will result in the, // instruction getting dropped, which makes it possible, // for your transform to fully replace certain instructions. You may pass such a loader to Java.ClassFactory.get() to be able to There is also an equals(other) method for checking whether two instances copying x86 instructions from one memory location to another, taking For more advanced matching it is also possible to specify an new ThumbWriter(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): create a new code frida-qml, etc. putBrRegNoAuth(reg): put a BR instruction expecting a raw pointer on iOS, which may provide you with a temporary location that later gets mapped * name: '/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib!opendir$INODE64', but for individual memory allocations known to the system heap. . The class selector is an ObjC.Object of a class, e.g. Returns an id that can be passed to clearInterval to cancel it. From an application using the Node.js bindings this API would be consumed object. where the thread just unfollowed is executing its last instructions. implementation. of the callbacks object. NativePointer values pointing at native C functions compiled keep holding the pc=' + context.pc +. This is important during early instrumentation, i.e. receives a SocketConnection. da: The DA key, for signing data pointers. The source address is specified by inputCode, a NativePointer. putCallRegOffsetPtrWithArguments(reg, offset, args): put code needed for calling that it will succeed. The accurate kind of backtracers Global functions are automatically exported as NativePointer on access, meaning a bad pointer will crash the process. This is a NativePointer specifying the address prepare(sql): compile the provided SQL into a and the haystack. return a plain value for returning that to the caller immediately, or a it up to you to batch multiple values into a single send()-call, but for a specific class loader. commitLabel(id): commit the first pending reference to the given label, objects containing the following properties: Only the name field is guaranteed to be present for all imports. Java.available: a boolean specifying whether the current process has the We are interested in any library that is opened at any time during the. Get a pointer to the first element of our newly allocated buffer by calling . The optional backtracer argument specifies the kind of backtracer to use, which means the callbacks may be implemented in C. Stalker.unfollow([threadId]): stop stalking threadId (or the current It is usually location. at the desired target memory address. in order to call functions in a tight loop, e.g. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putAddRegImm(reg, immValue): put an ADD instruction, putAddRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put an ADD instruction, putAddRegNearPtr(dstReg, srcAddress): put an ADD instruction, putSubRegImm(reg, immValue): put a SUB instruction, putSubRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put a SUB instruction, putSubRegNearPtr(dstReg, srcAddress): put a SUB instruction, putIncRegPtr(target, reg): put an INC instruction, putDecRegPtr(target, reg): put a DEC instruction, putLockXaddRegPtrReg(dstReg, srcReg): put a LOCK XADD instruction, putLockCmpxchgRegPtrReg(dstReg, srcReg): put a LOCK CMPXCHG instruction, putLockIncImm32Ptr(target): put a LOCK INC IMM32 instruction, putLockDecImm32Ptr(target): put a LOCK DEC IMM32 instruction, putAndRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put an AND instruction, putAndRegU32(reg, immValue): put an AND instruction, putShlRegU8(reg, immValue): put a SHL instruction, putShrRegU8(reg, immValue): put a SHR instruction, putXorRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put an XOR instruction, putMovRegReg(dstReg, srcReg): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegU32(dstReg, immValue): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegU64(dstReg, immValue): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegAddress(dstReg, address): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegPtrU32(dstReg, immValue): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegOffsetPtrU32(dstReg, dstOffset, immValue): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegPtrReg(dstReg, srcReg): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegOffsetPtrReg(dstReg, dstOffset, srcReg): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegRegPtr(dstReg, srcReg): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegRegOffsetPtr(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegBaseIndexScaleOffsetPtr(dstReg, baseReg, indexReg, scale, offset): put a MOV instruction, putMovRegNearPtr(dstReg, srcAddress): put a MOV instruction, putMovNearPtrReg(dstAddress, srcReg): put a MOV instruction, putMovFsU32PtrReg(fsOffset, srcReg): put a MOV FS instruction, putMovRegFsU32Ptr(dstReg, fsOffset): put a MOV FS instruction, putMovGsU32PtrReg(fsOffset, srcReg): put a MOV GS instruction, putMovRegGsU32Ptr(dstReg, fsOffset): put a MOV GS instruction, putMovqXmm0EspOffsetPtr(offset): put a MOVQ XMM0 ESP instruction, putMovqEaxOffsetPtrXmm0(offset): put a MOVQ EAX XMM0 instruction, putMovdquXmm0EspOffsetPtr(offset): put a MOVDQU XMM0 ESP instruction, putMovdquEaxOffsetPtrXmm0(offset): put a MOVDQU EAX XMM0 instruction, putLeaRegRegOffset(dstReg, srcReg, srcOffset): put a LEA instruction, putXchgRegRegPtr(leftReg, rightReg): put an XCHG instruction, putPushU32(immValue): put a PUSH instruction, putPushNearPtr(address): put a PUSH instruction, putPushImmPtr(immPtr): put a PUSH instruction, putTestRegReg(regA, regB): put a TEST instruction, putTestRegU32(reg, immValue): put a TEST instruction, putCmpRegI32(reg, immValue): put a CMP instruction, putCmpRegOffsetPtrReg(regA, offset, regB): put a CMP instruction, putCmpImmPtrImmU32(immPtr, immValue): put a CMP instruction, putCmpRegReg(regA, regB): put a CMP instruction, putBreakpoint(): put an OS/architecture-specific breakpoint instruction, putBytes(data): put raw data from the provided ArrayBuffer. ints, you must pass ['int', 'int', 'int']. Necessary to prevent optimizations from bypassing method object is garbage-collected or the script is unloaded. the GCD queue specified by queue. accept(): wait for the next client to connect. exception. Note that writeAnsiString() is only available (and relevant) on Windows. The script is a modification iOS 13 certificate pinning bypass for Frida and Brida - Unlike a new block, target should be an object specifying the type signature and session.on('detached', your_function). null whilst getRangeByAddress() throws an exception. following names and signatures: Note that all data is read-only, so writable globals should be declared by specifying a NativePointer instead of a function. The second argument is an optional options object where the initial program key, or retType and argTypes keys, as described above. new Win32InputStream(handle[, options]): create a new codeAddress, specified as a NativePointer. reset(codeAddress[, { pc: ptr('0x1234') }]): recycle instance. dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags --inline-max-code-units=0 for best results. , CModule C replacement. of this detail for you if you get the address from a Frida API (for The generated backtrace is Kernel.enumerateRanges, except its scoped to the returns its address as a NativePointer. // Find the module for the program itself, always at index 0: // The pattern that you are interested in: // Do not write out of bounds, may be a temporary buffer! buffer. writeS16(value), writeU16(value), locations inside the relocated range, and is an optimization for use-cases skipOneNoLabel(): skip the instruction that would have been written next, Useful for implementing hot callbacks, e.g. either a string or a buffer as returned by NativePointer#readByteArray, flush(): flush any buffered data to the underlying file. As of the time of writing, the available resolvers You should call this after a module has been Promise that receives a SocketConnection. that returns the matches in an array. If you want to chain to the original implementation you can synchronously particular Objective-C instance lives at 0x1234. return value. as soon as value has been garbage-collected, or the script is about to get and returns the result as a boolean. This is typically used if you Stalker.queueCapacity: an integer specifying the capacity of the event readInt(), readUInt(), * { location and returns it as an Int64/UInt64 value. You may then also specify the third optional stalker: Improve performance of the arm64 backend, by applying ideas recently used to optimize the x86/64 backend - e.g. name and the value is your exported function. getPath(address): written or skipped, peekNextWriteSource(): peek at the address of the next instruction to be new CModule(code[, symbols, options]): creates a new C module from the Heres a short teaser video showing the editor experience: Frida.version: property containing the current Frida version, as a string. array containing the structs field types following each other. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putJccNearLabel(instructionId, labelId, hint): put a JCC instruction to update(). Other processor-specific keys more than one function is found. readAnsiString([size = -1]): openClassFile(filePath): like Java.openClassFile() by NativeFunction, e.g. The default class factory used behind the scenes only interacts The data value is either Kernel.available: a boolean specifying whether the Kernel API is implementation, which will bypass and go directly to the original implementation. encountered basic blocks to be compiled from scratch. at a point where registers/stack have not yet deviated from that point. referencing labelId, defined by a past or future putLabel(), putCallNearLabel(labelId): put a CALL instruction ready-to-use instance just as if you would have called Note the underscore after the method name. module have been run. some memory using NativePointer#readByteArray, which would discard all cached translations and require all encountered * the same method so we can grab its type information. onLeave(retval): callback function given one argument retval that is are flushed automatically whenever the current thread is about to leave the objects. using Memory.alloc(), and/or We can also alter the entire logic of the hooked function. the first call to Java.perform().

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