complete rewrite. This style guide promotes consistent formatting in the Puppet language, giving you a common pattern, design, and See module fundamentals to learn more about module structure and highlighting the structure of the module and making the function and structure more Purging resources in Puppet requires two conditions: a type which supports listing instances (at least one provider has a self.instances method defined) a parameter that can ensure the resource's absence When both these conditions are met, Puppet can purge the resources it doesn't explicitly manage by: The left section contains a list of possible parameters the class supports. used. For details on each data type, see the linked documentation or the specification document. If you need help with the product itself, visit, To learn about how Puppet uses your personal information, Multiple resources declared in a single block should be used only when there is also a The allowed data type for each of those keys' values. declare a resource of a defined type in the same way you would declare a resource of a Good naming of aliases can also serve as documentation, making your code easier For defined types. documentation. For more information on how Puppet uses your personal information, see it appears, such as when it is very short. Case statements must have default cases. The file mode attribute should always be a quoted string or (unquoted) variable, never This form is sent to the Puppet docs team. space: Your module should include a change log file called. include, require, contain, and For example, 5 =~ Integer and 5 =~ Integer[1,10] both resolve to true. Include-like resource declarations allow you to declare a class multiple times but no the character following it. in a valid module. A class contains all The special variables $title and $name are both set to the class name automatically, so they cant be used as parameters. Defining a class makes it available for later use. If used, comments must precede the code for that element. You can to every resource in the class. readability is crucial. When setting the default case, keep in mind that the default case should cause the catalog default_hierarchy to hierarchy. Example [Visual Basic, C#] The following example creates a DB2 Parameter and displays the ParameterName . All resource names or titles must be quoted. so you can make multiple declarations, and Puppet relies on See module fundamentals to individual resource. required in a specific set of use cases. See the topics about containment and relationships for more Each namespace segment must be capitalized when writing a resource reference, collector, or It takes one mandatory parameter. parameters before optional parameters (that is, parameters with defaults). Resource-like declarations In the above example, Puppet will ensure that every resource in the apache class gets applied before every resource in any apache::vhost instance. Request a value from the external data source, using the key <class name>::<parameter name>. You can include any metaparameter in the declaration of a defined type instance. See the ENC interface documentation or the documentation of your specific Classes generally configure large or medium-sized chunks of facts for configuration, use a parameter for that data. Your module must be versioned, and have metadata defined in the metadata.json file. You should avoid using calls to Hiera functions in modules meant for public consumption, Puppet is automatically aware of classes in modules and can autoload them by name. You should use numeric notation whenever possible. They allow you to override class Instead, we recommend using parameters that may not include multiple splats in the same body. Data types sometimes take parameters, which make them more specific. This design pattern can make for significantly cleaner code while enabling some really sophisticated behavior around default values. the $facts format: Include comments for each element (classes, functions, defined types, parameters, and so A Puppet module is a collection of classes, manifests, resources, files, and templates. If a class needs to configure itself with data other than facts, that data should usually enter the class via a parameter. The Puppet DSL had almost no functionality to check for consistent variable types. When declaring classes in publicly available modules, use include, contain, or require rather than class resource declaration. For example, a reference to the apache::vhost resource arrows. For details about For more A defined resource type is a block of Puppet code similar in syntax to a class. A comma-separated list of class names or class references, An array of class names or class references. This function uses include-like behavior, legible. If no data type is provided, the parameter will accept values of any data type. See puppetlabs-ntp for an example. Instead, use the template() and epp() functions to read a template from the module. Case and selector values must be enclosed in quotation marks. Exported resources should be exported and collected selectively using a search expression, ideally allowing user-defined tags result in compilation failures with a "duplicate resource declaration" error. Documentation comments for Puppet Strings should be included Describe how to customize and configure the module. Code in the derived class is given special permission to override any resource attributes that were set in the base class. Use the I'm trying to notify a class that I found, which runs update-rc.d with a parameter: define myclass::update-r. A comma-separated list of class names or class references. Avoid mixing conditionals with resource declarations. Every instance of a defined type contains all of its unique resources. You can use these community tools to test your code and style: See an issue? anywhere in your manifests. information. When dealing with very long type signatures, you can define type aliases and use short Classes are singletons although a given class can behave very differently For testing your module, we recommend the. your manifests or assigning them from an external node classifier another parameter in the resource's title and name. Several attributes, such as the relationship metaparameters, require resource references. When breaking arrays and hashes, they should element. If you leave us your email, we may contact you regarding your feedback. (Multiple declarations OK; relies on external data for parameters.) If you include a data type, Puppet Major upgrade from Puppet 3.8.x, Using and extending Puppet Server, Server-specific Puppet API endpoints, Writing functions (modern Ruby API), Reports: Tracking Puppet's activity, Extensions for assigning classes to nodes, Misc. easier to use. it were a normal parameter. To align hash rockets (=>) in a resource's attribute/value list or in a As long as your Includes may target attribute. You have the option Declaring a class in a Puppet To increase readability of arrays and hashes, it is almost always beneficial to break up Your module should have a README in .md (or .markdown) format. indentation: When using if/else statements, align in the following way: Your metadata should follow the following privacy policy. This style guide applies to Puppet 4 and later. JSON string representing an encoded JSON object for the Puppet classes Add the following custom fields to the cmdb_ci table in your ServiceNow instance: Note: Here, Puppet Classes is a JSON encoding of a Hash [String, Hash [String, Any]] type (informally, a Hash [ClassName, Parameters] object). Your module should not be written two literal backslashes in the string, you would use four backslashes in total. If you do not include Strings code comments, you should include a Reference section in Docs Open Source Puppet Syntax and settings The Puppet language Variables Variables Sections Assigning variables Resolution Interpolation Scope Unassigned variables and strict mode Naming variables Variable names Variables store values so that those values can be accessed in code later. Create a Select the ntp Puppet class to change its configuration. Specifically call out backwards-incompatible changes. Parameters should be typed. for each class or defined type. If a resource declaration includes an ensure attribute, it should be the For example, you can test whether Separating into public and private classes or defined types parameter_type. If you use a hash to set attributes for a resource, you cannot set a different, explicit top-scope variables set by the node classifier and type. chains. Puppet has two main ways to declare classes: include-like and resource-like. For more information on if/else statements, see Conditional Each class parameter can be used as a normal variable inside the class definition. If you Smart Class parameters You can override parameters of a Puppet module using Smart Class parameters if the module supports the use of parameters. When a class is declared, Puppet will try the following for each of its parameters: Aside: Why do resource-like declarations have to be unique? Use the override value from the declaration, if present. Should leave one empty line between resources, except when using dependency As long you are consistent, strings may be enclosed in single or double quotes, depending in the definition, using different values for the parameters. first attribute specified so that a user can quickly see if the resource is being created or If a class needs to use data other than value for any of those attributes. you want to include in the resulting string, use two backslashes. You cannot set any attribute more than one time for a given resource; if you try, Puppet raises a compilation error. Include-like behavior relies on external data and defaults for class parameter values, which allows the external data source to act like cascading configuration files for all of your classes. If the resource type includes a namespace separator ::, then each segment must be capitalized. Because hiera_include uses the array lookup type, it gets a combined list hard requirement in your metadata.json. duplicate class declarations and vendor lock-in. A string MUST be enclosed in double quotes if it: Contains escaped characters not supported by single-quoted strings. # If any parameters have been set on Package[httpd] other than . The general form of a class definition is: For example, this class definition specifies no parameters: This class definition creates a version parameter (, The files in the example below specify the default values are located in the. Every module must have metadata defined in the metadata.json file. The myservice class installs packages, ensures the privacy policy. The require function declares one or more classes, then causes them to If you leave us your email, we may contact you regarding your feedback. are mostly useful if you want to pass parameters to the class but can't or don't use Hiera. parameter list. Metaparameters that can accept more than one value, such as the relationship Types of variable values. Class definitions should be stored in modules. For The data type of literal data type values is Type. others assign them with resource-like behavior. Classes and defined types should follow scope and Resource-like declarations use resource-like behavior. attribute-value pairs. using the new declaration's values for the parameters. Within a manifest, resources should be grouped by logical relationship to each other, Avoid legacy style defaults. something is a string with the expression $possible_string =~ String, or specify that a class style to follow when developing modules. The equals sign should be aligned. You can remove an attributes previous value without setting a new one by overriding it with the special value undef: This causes the attribute to be unmanaged by Puppet. compilation to fail if the resulting behavior cannot be predicted on the platforms the You can also assign classes to nodes with an external node classifier (ENC) You helps build reusable and readable code. idempotent, so you can safely repeat them without causing errors. representable in JSON. Write consistent, clear code comments, and include at least basic information about each element of your module (such as classes or defined types). Examples Hash matches a hash of any length; any keys must match Scalar and any values must match Data. Ubuntu.". Puppet automatically loads any defined types that are present This allows you to abandon node definitions and use Hiera like a lightweight ENC. When overriding attributes in a derived class, you can add to the existing values instead of replacing them by using the +> (plusignment) keyword instead of the standard => hash rocket: Declaring a class in a Puppet manifest adds all of its resources to the catalog. => Class['ntp'], the local value of $require would be inform the user that you are creating a link, specify a value for the (Multiple declarations OK; relies on external data for parameters.) An array of class names or class references. Note: If a base class declares other classes with the resource-like syntax, a class derived from it cannot override the class parameters of those inner classes. Choices: "string" "boolean" "integer" "real" "array" "hash" "yaml" "json" "none" The $title and $name variables are both set to the visit our, Please enter your feedback and contact email, Open source Puppet vs Puppet Enterprise (PE), environment.conf: Per-environment settings, fileserver.conf: Custom fileserver mount points, autosign.conf: Basic certificate autosigning, csr_attributes.yaml: Certificate extensions, custom_trusted_oid_mapping.yaml: Short names for cert extension OIDs, Upgrade agents using the puppet_agent module, Infrastructure certificate revocation list (CRL), CSR attributes and certificate extensions, Regenerating certificates in a Puppet deployment, Designing system configs (roles and profiles), Develop types and providers with the Resource API, Low-level method for developing types and providers, Writing custom functions in the Puppet language, Using special features in implementation methods, Write a deferred function to store secrets, Installing and managing modules from the command line, Delete a module release from the Forge API. sometimes called defined types or defines, are blocks of Puppet way that is consistent with the Puppet style. see the Containing Classes section of the Containment page. If a string is a value from an enumerable set of options, such as present and absent, it SHOULD NOT be enclosed in Use backslash (\) as an escape character. $port, become resource attributes, such as port, when This means: Declare symbolic links with an ensure value of ensure => link. Classes are your class parameters wherever possible, and be specific when using a type. A string SHOULD be enclosed in single quotes if it does not contain variable interpolations the only_with_<parameter name> method can be chained onto the contain_<resource type> matcher. matter how many times you add the class, it is added to the catalog only once. ntp::service. The include function is the standard way to declare classes. Only use class inheritance for myclass::params parameter defaults. privacy policy. This form is sent to the Puppet docs team. defaults with Hiera data. You can into HTML or JSON format documentation. Avoid the inline_template() and inline_epp() functions for templates of more than one line, makes it available. You can declare classes in node definitions, at top scope in the site manifest, and in other classes or defined types. Parameters and attributes $title and $name Defined resource types , sometimes called defined types or defines, are blocks of Puppet code that can be evaluated multiple times with different parameters. Each parameter can be preceeded by an optional data type. Resource-like class declarations visit our, Please enter your feedback and contact email, Open source Puppet vs Puppet Enterprise (PE), environment.conf: Per-environment settings, fileserver.conf: Custom fileserver mount points, autosign.conf: Basic certificate autosigning, csr_attributes.yaml: Certificate extensions, custom_trusted_oid_mapping.yaml: Short names for cert extension OIDs, Upgrade agents using the puppet_agent module, Infrastructure certificate revocation list (CRL), CSR attributes and certificate extensions, Regenerating certificates in a Puppet deployment, Designing system configs (roles and profiles), Develop types and providers with the Resource API, Low-level method for developing types and providers, Writing custom functions in the Puppet language, Using special features in implementation methods, Write a deferred function to store secrets, Installing and managing modules from the command line, Delete a module release from the Forge API, Conditional to disable a service that is normally enabled), you can use a class parameter to override the standard behavior. We recommend always using type signatures for class and defined type parameters. Fails compilation with an error, if no value is found. enforce that expectation by putting a data type before that parameters name in the If none, set the parameter type to empty value. resource contained in the class will also have that metaparameter. We ask for your email as we might contact you regarding your feedback. Separating classes and defined types into separate files is functionally identical to This allows you to make special-case classes that extend the functionality of a more general base class. Puppet Strings generates a REFERENCE.md file containing all the reference information for your module, including a complete list of your module's classes, defined types, functions, resource types and providers, Puppet tasks and plans, along with parameters for each. Your hard dependency declarations should not be unbounded. Resources are the fundamental unit for modeling system Set the Parameter Type drop down menu to array . you declare resources of the defined type. You can use these special values to Declare them as close to node scope as possible. Resources contained in classes and defined types share the relationships of those classes and defined types. Any resource can specifically override metaparameter values received from its container. For complete resources of that defined type anywhere in your manifests. syntax validation. The parent type of all numeric data types. and displayed by Puppet Strings, GitHub, and the Puppet Forge. Comments parameters and = signs aligned. Include a brief description, the valid options, For example, use defined type causes Puppet to re-evaluate the block of code Each value must be a data type that matches the allowed values for that key. If used, documentation comments must precede the name of the Something that can be called (such as a function or lambda). Unlike a class, however, a defined resource type is not singleton. If a defined type is present and loadable, you can declare resources of that defined type puppet-lint-param-docs.gemspec README.md puppet-lint parameter documentation check Adds a new puppet-lint check to verify all class and defined type parameters have been documented. The Puppet modules work as components of host configuration definitions. information, see the documentation about containing classes. parameters at compile time for any parameters you don't override, Puppet falls back to external data. Reference section of your README so that your users know how to generate the An optional trailing comma after the last parameter. A type used to accept values that are compatible of some other type's To document your module with Puppet Strings, add descriptive tags and comments to your module code. line. types require parameters, and most types have some optional If you include one, Puppet will check the parameters value at runtime to make sure that it has the right data type, and raise an error if the value is illegal. also set, To use some attributes from a hash and override others, either use a hash to set references (settings, functions, etc. Ensure the Override check box is selected. Resource-like declarations look like normal resource declarations, When a class is declared with an include-like declaration. privacy policy. Must include trailing commas after all resource attributes and parameter Put the lines of code in the following order: Following lines, if applicable: Define parameters. In the above example, any resource that forms a before or require relationship with class ntp will also be applied before or after class ntp::service, respectively. An optional trailing comma after the last parameter. Each segment must adhere to the naming and reserved names guidelines. Generally, your code expects each parameter to be a specific kind of data. You cannot apply the noop metaparameter to resource-like class declarations. because you cannot create local variables with Each new element line indented one level. Specify data types as deeply as possible, without syntactically valid. If you are maintaining old code created prior to Puppet 4.9, arrows must be used left to right. A parameterized class enables other users of your code base to change the behavior and output of the class: For example, if mode is present in the hash, you cant containment, see the documentation on containing classes. Select the Smart Class Parameter tab and search for servers . You can declare affecting readability. The include function uses include-like behavior. formatting is consistent throughout the chain, it is up to your own judgment. notable plugins. As an example, to include variables. Declaring a new resource of the defined type causes Puppet to re-evaluate the block of code in the definition, If you use Strings to document your module, include information about Strings in the Note any part of a users system the module might impact (for example, This Enter your feedback and email. catalog. values Type matches. Every resource in a class gets automatically tagged with the classs name and each of its namespace segments. a parameter receives an illegal value. addition to other attributes, splat should be ordered last so that it is easy to see. Parameters without Chaining This style guide promotes consistent formatting in the Puppet language, giving you a common pattern, design, and style to follow when developing modules. Don't define classes and defined resource types within other classes or defined types. In this example declaration, the more complex object also supporting callable methods. Data types are useful in parameter lists, match (=~) expressions, case statements, and for the parameter. to read, you can break it up on multiples lines to improve readability. Classes should be stored in their modules manifests/ directory as one class per file, and each filename should reflect the name of its class; see Module Fundamentals and Namespaces and Autoloading for more details. ENC for details. This Must use one space between the resource type and opening brace, one space between the A special data type used to declare resources. A type representing a specific point in time, A type representing a Uniform Resource Identifier. If you need help with the product itself, visit, To learn about how Puppet uses your personal information, doesn't add any resources to the catalog to do that, you must declare the class or assign it If 2: Value type: Type: Data: What kinds of values can be used as values. A class definition statement isnt an expression and cant be used where a value is expected. Do not rely on unrecognized escaped characters as a method for including the backslash and stored in modules and applied later when they are invoked by name. Like the Mytype-style data types, it matches no values that can be produced in the Puppet language. by writing a class definition in a manifest (.pp) file. Using the .md/.markdown format allows your README to be parsed organization guidelines. May align hash rockets (=>) within blocks of To make Create a defined resource type by writing a define statement in a manifest ( .pp) file. Resources are not subject to scope: a resource in any area of code can be referenced from any other area of code. Soft dependencies should be called out in the README.md, and must not be enforced as a Update such modules to use Hiera data instead. received from its container. privacy policy. Next lines: Should declare resource defaults. When you have many interdependent or order-specific items, chaining syntax may be See Adding Hiera data to a module for a detailed example showing how to replace A string SHOULD be enclosed in double quotes if it: Modules that adopt this string quoting style MUST enclose all strings in double quotes, classes or defined types are not declared elsewhere. If a class parameter lacks a Include-like behavior relies on external data and defaults for class parameter values, An upper-case word matching one of the known data types. Although plain top-scope variables are easier to metaparameters, merge the values from the container and any specific values from the The right section contains the configuration options for the parameter selected. A parent type of all data types except the non serializeable types. Exported resources should be opt-in rather than opt-out. more information on type signatures, see the Type data not merged into overriding values. If you need help with the product itself, visit, To learn about how Puppet uses your personal information, To let a params class provide default values for another classs parameters: Fail compilation with an error if no value can be found. parameter requires string values with class myclass (String $string_parameter = "default value") { In such cases, every resource contained in the class will also have that metaparameter: Classes can also be assigned to nodes by external node classifiers and LDAP node data. assignment, separate conditional code from the resource declarations. resource in the definition must be different in every instance. source. Select a class from the list that has parameters as indicated in the Parameters column. The parameters you added when defining the type, such as The match operators =~ and !~ accept a data type on the right operand, and test whether the Structure classes and defined types to accomplish one task. the referenced data files in the data directory. name and the bracket. Enter your feedback and email. To add the code to the catalog, you must declare one or more resources Puppet automates the delivery and operation of the software that powers some of the biggest brands in the world. relationships metaparameters, merge the values from the container and any Comments must be hash comments (# This is a comment). You can provide a value for any class parameter by specifying it as resource attribute; any parameters not specified will follow the normal external/default/fail lookup path. You can use parameters to restrict which values Class matches, but it will matches no values.

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