In contrast to the Renaissance, where vocal and choral music took center stage, instrumental music established itself as the most significant genre of the Baroque period. Which combination of beat and tempo is present in this excerpt? His goal was to be both a playwright and an actor. All fugues contain at least 3 different layers called "voices" (even if it's an instrument and not being sung, it's still called a voice). Where are tempo markings usually written in a music score? The following excerpt features characteristics of polyphonic texture. In baroque practice, recitative was accompanied by a semi-improvised basso continuo. Homophonic throughout: texture (the texture of a unique melody with the accompaniment of some instrument) Ternary (A-B-A): form (form can be described as ternary or binary, wheter it has two or three elements) Homophonic at the beginning and polyphonic at the end: texture . Find out whether the subjunctive mood is needed in the example. Which group was credited with inventing the recitative? Label each sentence as dec. for declarative, imp. The following selection, sung by Historicus, comes from a well-known __________. In the Baroque period, music for keyboard, Was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos, The following excerpt is most likely from a/an: (7:19). The Florentine Camerata A Baroque oratorio is A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance A Baroque sonata is A piece for solo instrument or a small group of instruments The Baroque concerto is Which one of the following pairs of words or phrases represents the two main concepts behind Baroque music? (00:27), Which of the following is the composer for this piece? The melody in the flute and harp is drawn from the (pentatonic scale/Dorian mode/octatonic scale/Lydian . Then, write the correct form of the verb in parentheses to complete the sentence. - BAROQUE ERA, HOMOPHONIC 27. Prima practica emphasized equality of voices whereas seconda practica emphasized a hierarchy of voices. A Fugue is a composition characterized by one main theme, called the subject, and the imitation of that theme by different voices. The following statement contains an italicized vocabulary word. Which of the following excerpts is most likely a composition by Paganini? funny ways to say home run grassroots elite basketball Menu . The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in, The earliest opera that has been preserved is Jacopo Peri's. While the clavichord was invented in the late Middle Ages (around 1300), the clavichord was invented around the Renaissance period (around 1500s). Which of the following was not a member of the Five? The sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are: Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation, We can say that the harmony in the following example is typical of the Classical period because it features: (00:26), chord accompaniment and clear, strong cadences, Beethoven is sometimes referred to as "The Father of the Symphony. The modern pipe organ is many centuries old, and dates back to the 8th century. When all of the voices have finished playing the subject, the exposition is over and the music moves into the episode. It was likely invented in the late Middle Ages (around 1300s) and was used prominently in the Baroque Era (1600-1750). You can see this clearly from the sheet music: However, if the singing is accompanied by an instrument, a band or an orchestra (as it usually is when a national anthem is being sung at the start of a sports match), or if some singers start to harmonise the melody then the texture becomes more complicated. :35, Which of the following describes this example? The composers Samuel Barber, Thea Musgrave, and Ned Rorem resisted the 20th-century trend of serialism, Which of the following is the composer for this piece? Who is credited with the creation of plainsong? Pictured left: harpsichord, by Grard Janot - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0. (00:28), The secular text and overall musical style of this example suggest that it is from a/an: (00:40), Which of the following describes this example? In fact, one of the most significant types of compositions in the Baroque Era, which is the Fugue, is Polyphonic by definition. Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example? In broad terms, music and the other arts of the Romantic period. Subject is presented in longer time values. :28. NOTE: Be careful not to confuse the number of musical lines with the number of performers producing the musical lines. When it's done, voice 2 enters with the same melody through imitation, while voice 1 plays a counter-melody called the counter subject. Two important composers from the Renaissance period were: The Renaissance madrigal was a sacred music form used to convey the meanings behind the poems on which they were based. (10:32), Which of the following is the composer for this excerpt? Which of the following statements best describes the role of technology with regard to art music in the Contemporary period? Include at least one broad question about a pattern you see. and which do not? People often struggle to find the right words to describe musical texture and so you will often hear people describing the texture of a piece of music as being thin if there are not very many instruments playing and thick if there are lots of instruments playing. Which of the following was not a French composer? (left): Picture of a Virginal by Grard Janot - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0. Which of the following statements best characterizes the "mood" of the Romantic period? Most organs have at least 2 manuals, though some of them have up to 7 different manuals! Heterophony is a less common musical texture, but it is useful to understand it. Which 8th- and 9th-century ruler had a profound influence on Church music? Many composers of the Baroque Period (1600-1750) composed music solely for the organ. (00:30), The sense of beat in this example is unstressed throughout. Look closely, and you'll see the five lines that we still use today; notes all have stems, although the look like they're written backwards by today's standards. Which of the following movements is associated with Debussy and Ravel? Thank you for subscribing. As a result, they are often considered to be forming a same-sounding texture hence they can be considered to be homophonic. During the Baroque period, the musical feature that lent harmonic support to the main melodic line of a composition was called: The musical features of the following example suggest that it comes from a/an: The arrangement starts with a solo voice (monophonic texture). Benectine monk Guido d'Arezzo helped to establish the 5-line staff that we use today in the 10th and 11th centuries AD. 1:01. Which of the following were sacred genres in the Medieval period? Outline the STRUCTURE of the excerpt. Which of the following trends in contemporary music does this excerpt exemplify? :22. (3:30), Which of the following Italian tempo terms best applies to this selection? Which of the following is one such alternative? The following excerpt is an example for which style of recitative? An advanced 12th-century four-voice organum, The melody of this example suggest that it is from sacred music of the Medieval period because (6:30). 3:32, Contrasts between a small group of soloists and a larger ensemble, The following selection, sung by Historicus, comes from a well-known __________. The following excerpt represents homophonic texture. In the Baroque period, music for keyboard Was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos, The following excerpt is most likely from a/an: You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Which of the following choices is the defining characteristic of polyphony? Some of the most famous organ works were composed by J.S. A large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative biblical text, is called, Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no, What is a major difference between a cantata and an oratorio. Think "row row row your boat," being sung as a . The piano, which is the most common acoustic keyboard instrument of the modern day was only invented around 1710. :40. :28. (00:28). Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. In the Baroque period, music for keyboard Was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos, The following excerpt is most likely from a/an: 2016: World music, 20th/21st Century: Jacqueline Fuentes: Sinuoso Trpico: D&ET, Texture: 03. The following musical excerpt represents strophic form. 1:54. From the word pairs, select the one that completes the following sentence correctly. The video presentation discusses this complex form in more detail, going through it section by section. These instruments all use strings in some capacity, as you'll read below. (00:07), The following excerpt represents monophonic texture. and thus reduces this movement to a more intimate four-part texture. One voice/part plays/sings the melody, whilst the others act as a harmonic accompaniment. His name is: Which one of these composers was considered a national hero in his homeland? Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections, The following excerpt is an example for which style of recitative? The sacred text and overall musical style of this example suggests that it is part of a/an: The following selection, sung by Historicus, comes from a well-known __________. They may well be singing at different octaves (a little girl in the crowd is going to be singing at a much higher octave than an older man), but it is still a monophonic texture as they are singing in unison. In their use of aria, duet, and recitative, Bach's cantatas closely resembled the ____________ of the time. Which best describes this section? Feel free to get in touch with us via email. One difference between a Renaissance Mass and a motet is: A Mass is always based on a specific text that is part of the liturgy of a given day. :47, Listen to this music example and answer the following question: Who would be a likely composer for this work? :22. Which one of the following examples comes from a famous Beethoven symphony? :39, The following excerpt is most likely from a(n) Early baroque music is characterized by frequent use of polyphonic texture. Basso continuo was a feature of baroque music that consisted of an ever-present accompaniment consisting of a monophonic bass instrument, usually a cello, and a polyphonic instrument of some sort, usually a harpsichord, though occasionally an organ or lute. A type of polyphonic composition based on one main theme is a, In many fugues, the subject in one voice is constantly accompanied in another voice by a different melodic idea called a(n), Transitional sections of a fugue that offer either new material or fragments of the subject or countersubject are called, Turning the subject of a fugue upside down, or reversing the direction of each interval, is called, Presenting the subject of a fugue from right to left, or beginning with the last and proceeding backward to the first note, is called, Presenting the subject of a fugue in shortened time values is called, A sonata intended to be played in church, and therefore dignified and suitable for sacred performance, was called a, A sonata to be played at court, and therefore dancelike in character, was called a, Set of dance inspired movements are called, How many musicians would perform in a trio sonata, Very often an independent fugue is introduced by a short piece called a(n), When the subject of a fugue is presented in the dominant scale, it is called the, The position of the composer during the baroque period was that of, a high-class servant with few personal rights, [COMPLETE] Unit 8-9 Part IV Classical Period, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. What form did Strozzi foreshadow in her arias that became standard in opera? Which of the following statements best describes musical form in the Romantic period? The following excerpt is an example of duple meter. What is the history of the Bolshevik Party? What is this composers name? (00:14), The following music excerpt features: (00:17), A mixture of polyphonic and homophonic textures. Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? Listen to the following excerpt of a Medieval composition. 0000 0026 a cappella with only . A few hundred miles was infinity. However, is is also not strictly homophonic as the rhythms of the piano part do not exactly match the vocal line. Which of the following were important composers in the Contemporary period? Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? Unlike the clavichord from above, the harpsichord does not have "touch sensitivity." (00:46), The following musical excerpt is from the Classical period. 1:01, Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example? Music that allows for an element of chance to enter the performance, Nadia Boulanger was a prominent music teacher who taught some of the most influential composers of the 20th century, including Aaron Copland, Philip Glass, and Walter Piston. Monteverdi, an early baroque composer, strove to create music that was It can also be found in some classical music, most notably in Baroque vocal music such as cantatas/oratorios. :33, The following musical excerpt is from a recitative. One of the most dramatic turning points in the history of music occurred at the beginning of the 17th century, with Italy leading the way. One characteristic of this excerpt that suggests it might be from the Baroque Period is: :29 It contrasts a group of instruments with a solo instrument. Which one of the following pairs of words or phrases represents the two main concepts behind Baroque music? :21, What is the name of the technique used in the following excerpt? According to the text, the Renaissance period was known as: Which time period is generally considered the Renaissance period? The first and last movements of the concerto grosso are often in ____________ form. The imitation of various voices of texture was common of the baroque period. :20, The vocal technique illustrated by the following example is known as: ", We can say that the melody in the following example is typical of the Classical period because it is: (00:08), Which genre is represented by this example? (00:21). You can get your paper edited to read like this. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Picture by I. QuartierLatin1968, CC BY-SA 3.0. These keyboards are called manuals and it allows for performers to play loud and soft. :47, Listen to this music example and answer the following question: Who would be a likely composer for this work? (00:18), This music passage is an example of: (00:16). Melody and Accompaniment was used a lot in the Classical period and is also very common in contemporary popular music. You can hear the chordal sound produced. The term harmony refers to the horizontal aspect of music. :21, What is the name of the technique used in the following excerpt? The basso could be a bass instrument within that string orchestra, or it could be a keyboard or plucked string instrument, typical of the Baroque period, such as the harpsichord or theorbo. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Renaissance artists didnt really care very much if their works appealed to the public at large; they were more concerned about the "purity" of their music. In this form, whilst the accompanying parts do not follow the same rhythms as the lead melody line, their overall purpose is to provide an underlying harmony and accompaniment to the melody. (00:25), Which of the following composers wrote this symphony? Not all fugues are written for the organ, but Bach did write dozens of them for a solo organist. Which of the following examples features melismatic singing? An oratorio is not intended for religious services. The purely instrumental sections that the orchestra performs in an opera are called: Lutheran musical worship is structured around ______ hymns known as ______, which are specific to a particular service. :47. In general, operatic arias of the Romantic period, for example those by Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924), provide good examples of homophonic music. Notes that dont belong to the traditional scale are known as ______________ alterations. This composer pictured above wrote The Blue Danube, arguably the most famous waltz of all time. For example, if a person in the crowd gets excited and starts singing a well known tune then this is an example of a monophonic texture a solo voice. Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections, The following excerpt is an example for which style of recitative? The diagram above demonstrates the entire form of Bach's "Little Fugue." (00:59). :47. You'll notice that the instruments are visually very stunning -- we saw the harpsichord in Chapter 5.2 on chamber music in the Baroque period (1600-1750). We often associate the organ with "church sound," at least from the Catholic perspective -- that's because up until the early 1960s, the Vatican wouldn't allow any other instrument in the Catholic church (with very little exception). In the Baroque era, convents were one of the few institutions that fostered musical creativity in women. The characteristics of a melody may be best described in terms of: The melody in the following excerpt is comprised of: (00:24), Does the following excerpt move mainly by disjunct, conjunct, or repeated tones? Wide dynamic range and repetition in the melody to express deep feelings. The move to establishing a system of 12 major and minor keys took place within the mid- to late Baroque period. Subject is presented in shorter time values. Anicius Boethius invented a system that made possible the memorization and written transmission of melodies. Analyzing Graphs Examine the graphs on page 482482482, and then develop a quiz with questions based on specific information found in the graphs. During the Baroque period, the musical feature that lent harmonic support to the main melodic line of a composition was called: Who composed La favola dOrfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form? uld help clarify and interpret meanings of texts. Which of the following characterize Strozzi's Amor dormiglione (Sleepyhead, Cupid!) You can get your paper edited to read like this. Picture of the Robertsbridge Codex, taken from ClassicFM. Each voice has a clear melody line that it follows, but they all have been cleverly put together to form a coherent and beautiful piece of music: Polyphony is typical of music in the Renaissance period and in the Baroque period where a contrapuntal texture was very common. 7.1: Early Keyboard Instruments through the Baroque Period is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Many composers choose to use different textures within one piece of music/song. The excerpt moves from monophonic to polyphonic to homophonic. There may be other movements, some of which may introduce soloists. The text, or book, of a musical dramatic work is called the, A song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment is called a/an. Match the descriptive words or phrases with the clip that they best describe. And so not only do the timbres sound different, but the music itself is written using almost a different type of language than modern music! The definition of homophony is often broadened to include textures that are not homorhythmic. A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance A Baroque sonata is. . Syncopation is often used in jazz settings, This example illustrates the use of: (00:30), The following example features a steady pulse played by the bass. Prima practica emphasized equality of voices whereas seconda practica emphasized a hierarchy of voices. How was this MOST accurately demonstrated? (16:54), Listen to the following example and select the genre that best defines it: (00:50), Which would be the most likely composer of this example? A sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the. Rather than water pressure being used to create air pressure, a bellows was used instead. The following musical excerpt represents strophic form. This piece of music is a good example of: (00:20). The sacred text and overall musical style of this example suggests that it is part of a/an: Tempo is an Italian universal musical term that refers to the speed at which a music composition is played. This is imitation. What element of the musical style of the following piece indicates that it is from the Renaissance period rather than the Medieval period? Texture is one of the basic elements of music. Monteverdi's vocal music ordinarily was supported by a ____________ and other instruments. Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example? To allow performers to get loud and soft sounds on their instrument, some harpsichords have two rows of keyboards on this instrument (similar to an organ). Lets start with the simplest musical texture to define and describe monophonic. 1:54. 2005: Baroque: Vivaldi, Antonio: Concerto Opus 10 No. One of the most common forms of polyphonic texture is the fugue. The following selection is from Berliozs Symphony Fantastique. Similar to the other instruments, the harpsichord is also highly ornamented with paintings and beautiful woodwork. Which of the following is not a composer from the Romantic period? Work with our consultant to learn what to alter. Types of Musical Textures The definition of polyphonic texture comes from the Greek (poly-phonic), literally meaning many sounds. Both the clavichord and virginal are similar keyboard instruments. A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance, A piece for solo instrument or a small group of instruments, A piece that contrasts a solo instrument with an ensemble. :47. Many composers of the Baroque Period (1600-1750) composed music solely for the organ. :21. Which one of the following composers style is most closely associated with that of the commercial music world known as Tin Pan Alley?

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