What is PSK? Women undergoing treatment for breast cancer might benefit from turkey tail mushroom agents. PolysaccharideK (PSK) is the best known active compoundin turkey tail mushrooms. Another retrospective analysis of nonrandomized data evaluated 254 patients with gastric carcinoma undergoing curative surgery with postoperative adjuvant treatment in Japan. Researchers have yet to identify any severe side effects associated with turkey tail. CBD and cancer cell death (apoptosis) Where turkey tail was pretty straightforward (NK cells and CD8), CBD comes at it from so many different angles. More Information : Science and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Relatively few studies have explored the in vivo effects of G. lucidum in animal models, but those available have shown antitumor activity of triterpenoids in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma [39] and antitumor effects of polysaccharides in mice bearing S180 cells [40] and Ehrlich ascites cells.[41]. PLoS One 12 (1): e0169042, 2017. The PSP and PSK in turkey tail mushroom might help slow cancer growth and boost the immune system. That is what researchers from Singapore aim to find out. For some time, cancer researchers have considered alpha-amanitin, the toxin derived from "death cap" mushrooms, as a possible cancer treatment. PSK is not a homogeneous substance, with a range of molecular weights averaging 9.4 kDa (range 5-300 kDa). Medicinal mushrooms have been used for hundreds of years, mainly in Asian countries, for treatment of infections. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It was considered a superior tonic for prolonging life, preventing aging, and boosting qi. Another clinical trial is studying PSK in stage IV breast cancer. Ganopoly was administered as 1,800 mg capsules 3 times daily before meals for 12 weeks. [2,3] A purified hot water extract prepared from the cultivated fungal mycelium has been used in Japan for its immunomodulatory effects as an adjuvant treatment for cancer. PSP and PSK appear to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Impact of Turkey Tail Mushroom in Pancreatic Cancer 8.1. They then took 3, 6, or 9 grams of turkey tail extract in divided doses each day for 6 weeks. Immune modulation from five major mushrooms: Application to integrative oncology. Tsukagoshi S, Hashimoto Y, Fujii G, et al. The 5-year DFS was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.580.90; The 5-year OS was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.550.90; Carlson A, Justo A, Hibbett DS: Species delimitation in Trametes: a comparison of ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 gene phylogenies. : DNA barcoding for identification of consumer-relevant mushrooms: A partial solution for product certification? : Immunomodulatory activities of Yunzhi and Danshen in post-treatment breast cancer patients. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have not approved the product for this use in the U.S. Colon cancer is common in the U.S. Ferreira IC, Heleno SA, Reis FS, et al. Anticancer Res 11 (2): 993-9, 1991 Mar-Apr. The PSP and PSK in turkey tail mushroom might help slow cancer growth and boost the immune system. PLoS One 8 (10): e76620, 2013. People should not consume turkey tail mushrooms in the wild. Gen Pharmacol 30 (1): 1-4, 1998. Cheng CR, Yue QX, Wu ZY, et al. : Protection against lung cancer patient plasma-induced lymphocyte suppression by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Little evidence supports these claims, Lions mane mushrooms may offer some health benefits, such as reducing inflammation, boosting immune function, and improving cognitive health. : Distinguishing commercially grown Ganoderma lucidum from Ganoderma lingzhi from Europe and East Asia on the basis of morphology, molecular phylogeny, and triterpenic acid profiles. high cholesterol. Physician Relations Continuing Education Program, Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPORE) Grants, Prevention & Personalized Risk Assessment, MD Anderson UTHealth Houston Graduate School, Comparative Effectiveness Training (CERTaIN), Cancer Survivorship Professional Education, Post Graduate Fellowship in Oncology Nursing, Argyros Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Oncology Nursing, Professional Student Nurse Extern Programs, MD Andersons Integrative Medicine Center, experts who specialize in integrative medicine approaches for cancer patients, Request an appointment at MD Anderson online. Some studies actually used a lower dose than that. Ito G, Tanaka H, Ohira M, et al. Trametes versicolor mushroom immune therapy in breast cancer. At 5 weeks after adjuvant therapy, T-cell apoptosis was significantly higher in the S-1alone group than in the S-1plus-PSK group, leading the authors to conclude that PSK could partially prevent the T-cell apoptosis induced by S-1. This systematic review and meta-analysis draw from randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials to assess the efficacy of Yun Zhi (YZ) for survival in cancer patients. She is involved with integrative oncology outcome studies, including the Canadian/US Integrative Oncology Study . However, some milder adverse effects may include: Anyone with an underlying health condition should consult a doctor before trying any new supplement, including turkey tail extract. In the United States, dietary supplements are regulated as foods, not drugs. Learn more about beta glucan supplements, their benefits and risks. The nonselective protein kinase inhibitor hypothemycin [10] and the adipocyte fat accumulationinhibitory cyclic peptide ternatin [11] have also been isolated from cultures of T. versicolor. Turkey tail's benefits may stem from its content of polysaccharopeptide (PSP) and polysaccharide-K (PSK), both of which appear to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. 79.0% (chemotherapy plus PSK) versus 72.2% (chemotherapy alone) (OR, 0.71; Jin X, Ruiz Beguerie J, Sze DM, et al. At MD Anderson, patients can request a referral to our Integrative Medicine Center. Turkey tail extract is available in the form of a powder or tea. Akagi J, Baba H: PSK may suppress CD57(+) T cells to improve survival of advanced gastric cancer patients. And some evidence suggests that turkey tail mushrooms may have anticancer properties. There are no studies of G. lucidum with measured cancer outcomes. Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) is another extract from T. versicolor produced in China. If you can, consult experts who specialize in integrative medicine approaches for cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 11 (2): 131-55, 1984. : Efficacy of immunochemotherapy as adjuvant treatment after curative resection of gastric cancer. Cancer Center. Updated . Int J Mol Sci 15 (5): 9103-16, 2014. : Anti-protein-bound polysaccharide-K monoclonal antibody binds the active structure and neutralizes direct antitumor action of the compound. McCormick was impressed. One review included preclinical studies conducted in Three-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were the same for both groups (60% for the PSK group and 62% for the chemotherapy-only group). : Ginseng and Ganoderma lucidum use after breast cancer diagnosis and quality of life: a report from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study. Sakagami H, Aoki T, Simpson A, et al. Looking at the past, present, and future of Bastyr San Diego as we celebrate 10 years. But it may be that the lowering of inflammation is what is reducing levels of fatigue.. However, a person should always consult a doctor before taking it and only purchase a purified version from a reputable source. In some cases, this was linked to a positive immune response, but there may be other factors. Limited research suggests that a component of turkey tail called protein-bound beta-glucan (PBG) could help prevent obesity. Use mushrooms and other Supplements with the Guidance of a Professional Nurse! Baby S, Johnson AJ, Govindan B: Secondary metabolites from Ganoderma. In addition, other evidence indicates that PSP regulates the gut microbiome by balancing levels of healthy bacteria in the intestines. 1). Oka S, Tanaka S, Yoshida S, et al. [12] They postulated that reversal of T-cell dysfunction induced by chemotherapy could reduce the adverse effects or enhance the antitumor effect. Liu DL, Li YJ, Yang DH, et al. They compared its use alone versus a combination of Trametes versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum, or reishi mushroom. Want to use this content on your website or other digital platform? [21-30] Studies of the cellular pathway by which G. lucidum triterpenoids produce cytotoxicity have generally implicated apoptosis pathways, both the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway [21,23-25,27] and the extrinsic or death receptor pathway. (2013). They found that products containing these two mushrooms may indeed improve both survival and quality of life for some people with certain types of cancer, including breast, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers. Recently, researchers have found that different parts of the mushroom may provide different benefits. [10] Beta-glucans are known to bind to the complement receptor CR3. Boh B: Ganoderma lucidum: a potential for biotechnological production of anti-cancer and immunomodulatory drugs. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the use of medicinal mushrooms in the treatment of people with cancer. Int J Oncol 46 (5): 2029-38, 2015. While there are currently trials underway, the FDA has refused to approve the use of PSK as a cancer treatment. Between 25% and 38% of the mass comes from a covalently linked protein whose amino acid composition has been reported. Phytochemistry 114: 38-55, 2015. PDQ Medicinal Mushrooms. [29] Triterpenoids also inhibit adhesion and migration of malignant cells. Board members review recently published articles each month to determine whether an article should: Changes to the summaries are made through a consensus process in which Board members evaluate the strength of the evidence in the published articles and determine how the article should be included in the summary. The safety record for PSK is well established in Japan. at the National Institutes of Health, An official website of the United States government, Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM), Medicinal Mushrooms (PDQ)Health Professional Version, Summary of the Evidence for Medicinal Mushrooms, Levels of Evidence for Human Studies of Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies, PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board, PDQ Cancer Information for Health Professionals, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/mushrooms-pdq, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Change the lives of cancer patients by giving your time and talent. And there are also mushrooms that decrease inflammatory compounds, which is helpful for cancer patients.. Oba K, et al (2007). However, the researchers found that a daily oral preparation containing Trametes versicolor powder improved immune status after standard treatment for breast cancer. Learn about promising cancer treatments, from immunotherapy to, Depending on the type of cancer you have and the treatment you need, you may be able to manage some aspects of your cancer treatment at home. In traditional Asian medicine, turkey tail mushrooms have often been brewed as a tea. [17] Unfortunately, the chemotherapy regimens differed in that the PSK patients were treated with fluorouracil and mitomycin-C (207 patients), while the controls received fluorouracil with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy (103 patients), introducing a potential bias in the interpretation of the results. Therefore, premarket evaluation and approval of such supplements by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are not required unless specific disease prevention or treatment claims are made. Log in to our secure, personalized website to manage your care (formerly myMDAnderson). Int J Mol Med 32 (1): 251-7, 2013. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684115/, https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-6382-5_7, https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/9/1934/htm, https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mnfr.201801231, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5687673/, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/mushrooms-pdq, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/gmic.29558, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6351938/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6367522/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5592279/, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1534735416649034, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22204346, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/251632/, https://www.poison.org/articles/2009-jun/wild-mushroom-warning, New clues to slow aging? More Despite decades of successful use of PSK to treat cancer, the FDA has not approved it in the U.S. PSK is made from turkey tail mushrooms, which have been commonly used to treat cancer in Japan. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Hsieh TC, Wu JM: Regulation of cell cycle transition and induction of apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells by the combination of Coriolus versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum. A 2007 meta-analysis included 8,009 patients from eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adjuvant PSK in patients after curative resection of gastric cancers:[20] 4,037 patients received PSK with chemotherapy, and 3,972 patients received the same chemotherapy alone. These cancers can occur in any part of the body and can vary in their risk factors, symptoms, and outlooks. They should only be used by people with cancer if recommended by their oncologist. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 35 (5): 736-41, 2015. (2019). Turkey Tail Mushroom Dosage for Cancer. Hoshi H, Saito H, Iijima H, et al. Acta Pharm 61 (3): 335-42, 2011. The scientific name of turkey tail is Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, although it has been known by other names, notably Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Trametes versicolor (Tv), also known as Coriolus versicolor and commonly called Turkey Tail, is a mushroom species from which preparations have been made that have a long history of use in traditional Asian medicine [ 1, 2 ]. Hsieh TC, et al. Miller R, Galitsky NM, Duax WL, et al. However, confirming these effects in humans will require further research. The study found that PBG may help balance certain bacteria in the gut, which can help prevent obesity. G/L = granulocyte to lymphocyte count; OR = odds ratio; PSK = polysaccharide-K; RCT = randomized controlled trial; UFT = tegafur/uracil. In Japan, PSK is an . Ruan W, Wei Y, Popovich DG: Distinct Responses of Cytotoxic Ganoderma lucidum Triterpenoids in Human Carcinoma Cells. Similar results were observed with additional assays leading the investigators to conclude that lung cancer patient plasma-induced suppression of lymphocyte activation by phytohemagglutinin may be fully or partially antagonized by G. lucidum polysaccharides, making them an attractive adjuvant in cancer treatment. In the study, a more-marked decrease in IAP level was observed in patients treated with PSK than in those treated in the control group. Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in Korea. Your gift will help support our mission to end cancer and make a difference in the lives of our patients. The authors concluded that PSK was effective as adjuvant immunotherapy for patients with gastric cancer and suggested that this improvement may well be both statistically and clinically significant. Reference citations in some PDQ cancer information summaries may include links to external websites that are operated by individuals or organizations for the purpose of marketing or advocating the use of specific treatments or products. Oba K, Teramukai S, Kobayashi M, et al. PSP may also stimulate the immune system, and PSK is approved in Japan as an adjuvant treatment for cancer. In fact, a 2019 study found that a fermented substrate of the turkey tail mushroom seemed to have unique beneficial components compared with other parts of the mushroom. Fritz H, Kennedy DA, Ishii M, et al. preparations. PSP from turkey tail extract may inhibit colon cancer cell growth, according to some research. At TEDMED, TEDTalks favorite Paul Stamets gave an emotional talk about new medical uses for mushrooms including a variety that, he says, helped treat his mother's cancer. We avoid using tertiary references. : Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. It has been show to inhibit . An increase in peripheral blood NK cells after therapy was observed in the PSK-treated group compared with the control group. Learn more about the potential benefits, as well as the risks, in the following articles: Turkey tail mushrooms are generally considered safe and possibly even helpful. Although this was not a randomized trial, baseline characteristics of the patients were well matched. Conclusion In conclusion, the chaga mushroom is a powerful natural remedy that has shown promise in cytotoxic cells' ability to kill cancer skills, including pancreatic cancer. Why do these multicolored mushrooms seem to hold so much promise? In addition, cytotoxic T cells increased in the peritumoral mucosa and normal mucosa within the radiation field in the PSK-treated group. It's not commonly an indicator of cancer. These mushrooms may also provide other benefits, including: Research has shown that having a healthy colony of bacteria in the gut can help prevent disease and support the immune system. (2013) Regulation of cell cycle transition and induction of apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells by the combination of Coriolus versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum. Phase 1 clinical trial of Trametes versicolor in women with breast cancer. evidence) associated with each type of treatment is provided whenever Wu GS, Song YL, Yin ZQ, et al. However, an author would be permitted to write a sentence such as NCIs PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: [include excerpt from the summary].. Celebrating 10 Years of Bastyr University San Diego. Turkey tail mushrooms may have immune boosting properties that support cancer treatment for some people. Japanese investigators studied a water-soluble extract from a cultured medium of G. lucidum mycelia (MAK) in patients with colorectal adenomas. A pancreatic mass is another name for a pancreatic tumor. How is PSK given or taken? The summary reflects an independent review of Proceed with caution and talk with a healthcare professional about any supplements youre thinking of taking. Int J Mol Med 21 (5): 577-84, 2008. Some studies have shown that cancer patients who take mushrooms may live longer. Building on the preclinical evidence that the polysaccharide fractions of G. lucidum enhance host immune function and have potential antitumor activity, investigators studied an over-the-counter product in patients with advanced stage lung cancer. . Is there a cure for cancer? : Immunochemotherapy with PSK and fluoropyrimidines improves long-term prognosis for curatively resected colorectal cancer. Qu D, He J, Liu C, et al. : Effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the immune functions of patients with advanced lung cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. Gao Y, Tang W, Dai X, et al. In Japan, PSK is an approved mushroom product used to treat cancer. Mushrooms can strengthen the immune system. However, people with mushroom or mold allergies should steer clear of them. J Immunol 163 (6): 3045-52, 1999. Turkey Tail Mushroom Beyond Conventional Cancer Therapies Turkey Tail Mushroom Information Expanded and updated content from this page has been moved to the Turkey Tail Mushroom page on the new CancerChoices website. These studies have shown promising results. A study published in 1994 first suggested the clinical benefit of adjuvant PSK for patients who underwent curative resection of gastric cancer in Japan. : The TLR2 agonist in polysaccharide-K is a structurally distinct lipid which acts synergistically with the protein-bound -glucan. One 2019 study examined the effects of using Trametes versicolor and Grifola frondosa, which is perhaps better known as the maitake or hen-of-the-woods mushroom. Study Group of Immunochemotherapy with PSK for Gastric Cancer. [8] The development of improved Ganoderma products is currently under way using biotechnological processes.[9]. Am J Chin Med 33 (3): 381-95, 2005. Ganoderma triterpenes are unique to the genus. In traditional Chinese medicine, the fungi are collectively known as Ling Zhi; in Japan, they are known as Reishi. J Nat Med 69 (2): 198-208, 2015. Upton R, ed. : Total triterpenoids from Ganoderma Lucidum suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis. In one 2019 study, a team of researchers reviewed 23 clinical trials involving more than 4,200 patients. These extracts are often combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy to boost the efficacy of these treatments and improve outcomes. Instead, the researchers have found that these extracts may have benefits for people who use them alongside treatments such as chemotherapy. So far, studies that have reported on the use of T. versicolor products in patients with breast cancer have focused on documenting changes in immune parameters (e.g., changes in T-cell subsets and B-cell numbers in blood) as opposed to clinical parameters (e.g., patient survival, resolution of symptoms/side effects, or improvement in quality of life). Does eating mushrooms protect brain health? To qualify for a level of evidence analysis, a study must: Separate levels of evidence scores are assigned to qualifying human studies on the basis of statistical strength of the study design and scientific strength of the treatment outcomes (i.e., endpoints) measured. Her current research focuses on the use of the medicinal mushroom turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer and the use of functional brain imaging to assess the treatment of brain cancer. Chin Med 10: 22, 2015. 751; 376; 374 Go to Host Defense. Mushrooms contain potent biological compounds and will behave like drugs, so treat them like a medication, says Narayanan. Turkey tail has a chewy texture and a strong flavor. The Lyda Hill Cancer Prevention Center provides cancer risk assessment, screening and diagnostic services. Bao PP, Lu W, Cui Y, et al. After their analyses, the researchers concluded that the extract contributed to increased levels of cancer fighting cells in the immune system. The beta-glucans in this mushroom activate many components of the immune system. Anticancer Res 32 (8): 3427-33, 2012. Prostate Cancer: Why More People are Turning to Monitoring Instead of Treatment, digestive upset, such as diarrhea, gas, or bloating. Both triterpenoids and polysaccharides cause cell growth arrest and cytotoxicity. Turkey tail mushrooms contain compounds called polysaccharopeptide (PSP) and polysaccharide-K (PSK). Coriolus versicolor: A medicinal mushroom with promising immunotherapeutic values. Int J Oncol 31 (4): 959-67, 2007. 5-y survival: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of Ganoderma lucidum for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Just be sure to carefully follow the instructions on the package. A number of cellular and humoral immune parameters were tested. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. It was also revered in Japanese culture. If you would like to reproduce some or all of this content, see Reuse of NCI Information for guidance about copyright and permissions. The authors of the study concluded that PSK treatment may promote local tissue immunity within the radiation field. Medicinal mushrooms (PDQ)Health professional version. Data from the 15 preclinical studies supported the anticancer effects of PSK by way of immunomodulation and potentiation of immune surveillance. [25] The 10-year survival was significantly better for patients treated with PSK, with a hazard ratio of 0.3. And turkey tails dont just have high levels of antioxidants they seem to have numerous different kinds. Hong SG, Jung HS: Phylogenetic analysis of Ganoderma based on nearly complete mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Additionally, they found that the preparation was well tolerated by the participants in the study. What types of cancer might turkey tailmushrooms help fight? The lignicolous fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (1920): a promising natural source of antiradical and AChE inhibitory agents. Learn more about the potential health benefits of turkey tail mushrooms in this article. The mushroom is known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties that are essential for cancer treatment and prevention. A 2012 study followed up on this call for research. possible. While more research is needed, an in vitro 2013 study published in 2013 showed promise in using an extract derived from turkey tail mushrooms in treating leukemia. It was proposed as add-on immunotherapy therapy that youd take after primary breast cancer treatment, like surgery or chemotherapy. Your gift will help make a tremendous difference. PSK is not a homogeneous substance, with a range of molecular weights averaging 9.4 kDa (range 5300 kDa). These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. : Ganoderic acids suppress growth and invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by modulating AP-1 and NF-kappaB signaling. Yan J, Vetvicka V, Xia Y, et al. These mushrooms have a disc-like shape and varying colors. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. There have been some studies done on turkey tail mushrooms for cancer. : Serum amyloid A mediates the inhibitory effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells. ISRN Oncol 2012: 251632, 2012. I believe they have extracts as well as capsules, and they are very knowledgeable. What is PSK? One recent study reported that an agent containing both Trametes versicolor and Grifola frondose wasnt effective at controlling the spread of colon cancer cells in the lab. The study was small, with only nine participants. Because dietary supplements are not formally reviewed for manufacturing consistency, ingredients may vary considerably from lot to lot and there is no guarantee that ingredients claimed on product labels are present (or are present in the specified amounts). How does this happen, and what are the wider, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. PSK can be taken as a tea or in capsuleform. Oncol Rep 7 (5): 1157-61, 2000 Sep-Oct. Wong CK, Bao YX, Wong EL, et al. Treatment did not significantly alter the mean mitogenic reactivity to phytohemagglutinin; mean counts of lymphocyte subsets CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD56; mean plasma concentrations on interleukin-2, interleukin-6, or interferon-gamma; or natural killer cell activity (P > .05). Our patients depend on blood and platelet donations. [13] The activity is considered to be immunomodulatory in nature, similar to many other medicinal fungi. Almost all studies about mushrooms have been done in Asia, so Narayanan notes that we cant know for sure if patients in the United States will respond in the same way. Many people still prefer this option. In Asian cultures, mushrooms are combined with herbal mixtures to treat cancer. Stanley G, Harvey K, Slivova V, et al. Some studies show mushrooms boost parts of the immune system that are linked to cancer.

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