However, initially, he's too afraid to leave his lake in pursuit. A poster on Quora questioned the Ring's effects on its user, which appear to vary wildly when it comes to aging. But it turns out that those words are only half correct. In other words, going off of the speculation of Gandalf, Gollum or really, Smagol at this point comes from what basically equates to hobbit aristocracy. The ground-breaking CGI character was built around Serkis' voice, movements and expressions, sometimes by using a motion capture suit which recorded his movements and applied them to the digital character, and sometimes by the more laborious process of digitally "painting out" Serkis' image and replacing it with Gollum's, giving the appearance of a small, skeletal, thin and gaunt creature with large, beady eyes and small strands of brown hair. How old is he? Serkis reprised his role of Gollum in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, in which his appearance is much like that of his portrayal in The Lord of the Rings trilogy. After this second round of interrogations by Gandalf, Gollum finds himself back in long-term captivity. Webliterature. For more information, please see our His favorite superhero is Nightcrawler and his lucky numbers are 4, 9, 14, 16, 36, and 40. When Bilbo gives up the One Ring in Lord of the Rings, he ages very quickly, but Gollum doesn't. The One Ring originally hid itself from Gollum because he was happy to keep it underground with him, and he had no impulse to take it to Sauron; why would Gollum suddenly be willing to take the One Ring to Sauron now, instead of scurrying back beneath the Misty Mountains for a few hundred years more? To add insult to injury, Gandalf eventually shows up on the scene and begins to grill Gollum with his own set of questions. Would you sink and drown in the lava or get burned to death on the surface before you could go under?. While measuring only about 22 by 7 inches, the Last Judgment panel packs a bone-chilling punch thanks to Van Eycks garish depiction of hell, which Metropolitan Museum of Art curator Maryan W. Ainsworth has described as a diabolical invention.. Trahald, Slinker, Stinker,Shelob's Sneak Remember, in the book Sam hasn't been sent away at this point. He also begins to adopt what can be boiled down to a glorified nervous tick: He gurgles in his throat. One question that just kind of hangs out there, unanswered, is why Gollum is still visible after owning the One Ring for so long. After all, the Black Riders wore their Rings of Power for centuries and they turned permanently invisible. J.R.R. In Peter Jackson's adaptation of The Two Towers, Faramir describes him as "having an ill-favored look." The sight of Frodo sleeping nearly moved Gollum to repent, as he began to pet Frodo's hair. Even though Gollum gets caught in this twisted relationship with a more powerful being, he still hopes to get his revenge. If this is the case, the natural follow-up is why Gollum is still visible five centuries after finding the One Ring. The name Gollum was derived from the sound of his gurgling, choking cough. He was also very thin and only has six teeth (in The Hobbit saying nine); comparing him to Shelob, one of the Orcs describes him as "rather like a spider himself, or perhaps like a starved frog." Smagol was quickly corrupted further by the Ring and banished by his people; turned by his grandmother out of her hole, he was forced to find a home in a cave in the Misty Mountains in around TA 2470. Answers shouldn't be total speculation, they should have some basis in the books. Also, in Jackson's depiction, Gollum has no apparent affiliation with Sauron. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Thief, Baggins! However I do not think he Wiki User 2009-11-29 20:49:02 Study now See answer (1) Best Answer Copy He might have got Hair Taking pity, Frodo made Gollum swear to help them. If we had a video livestream of a clock being sent to Mars, what would we see? Gollum said he would lead them south, where he knew of another entrance into Mordor, in which Frodo complied, despite Sam's suspicions. [4] They throw one snowball per second. Gollum, if you remember, dove into the lava of Mount Doom after his precious ring was thrown in -- he proceeds to sink into the lava (see below) and leaves the ring floating on the lava until it melts away. Guess what? Sinking into lava just will not happen if you're a human (or remotely human). He developed his own take on the voice and mannerisms. To muddle things up even further, much of Gandalf's information is based on conversations that he had with Gollum himself. In a manuscript written to guide illustrators to the appearance of his characters, Tolkien explained this by saying that Gollum had pale skin, but wore dark clothes and was often seen in poor light. We emphasise serious discussion here over jokey/meme-based posts. Oh, it exists, do not doubt it. He makes jokes and riddles about them. As Gollum adjusts to his new life in exile, he follows the Great River northward. Additionally, he can run extremely fast, strangely on all fours. Eventually, his relatives become fed up with the pesky, troublemaker. For all of the major adjustments and changes that happened to Gollum as he was adapted to a movie format, the truth is, Serkis hit a home run with his portrayal of the oddball character. In The Return of the King, Serkis himself appears in a flashback scene as Smagol before his degeneration into Gollum. And yet, the truth is, he doesn't always wear it. Tolkien devoted considerable energy to the task, Sauron's One Ring Wasn't Lord of the Rings' First Jewelry to Start a War, The 'Real' Mount Doom Couldn't Melt LOTR's One Ring, REVIEW: Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy: Bane of Blastaar #1 Is a Cinematic Found Family Adventure, REVIEW: Dark Horse Comics' Under Kingdom Is a Monstrously Fun Adventure, How Dr. 414. Gandalf said 'it wants to get back to its master'; it abandoned Ilsildor, falling off in the water; Gollum Said it wants to return to Sauron. What time does normal church end on Sunday? On the contrary, in "The Hobbit," we see that he doesn't even realize that it's missing until he goes back to his little island to get it and discovers that it's lost. Gollum, on the other hand, started his possession of the Ring with the polar opposite of pity. Or? When he survived his encounter with Around the year 2463, Smagol became the fourth Bearer of the One Ring, after Sauron, Isildur, and Dagol. Another thing we all may want to consider is that each character may have had other forces in play sustaining their lives as they had "roles" to pl All things considered, it seems like one could say with confidence that Gollum loves the Ring. Webhow did gollum survive the fallnapoli vs barcelona 2020. jinkee pacquiao before photos. Sam tied an Elven Rope around Gollum's neck for a leash, which inflicted great pain on Gollum. Verified answer. However, rather than unifying them with a common cause, their varying motivations put them at odds with each other early and often. [1], Gollum with Bilbo, as imagined by Darrell Sweet. It turns out that the way each Ring Bearer gets their prized possession massively impacts how it affects them. If the Ring were sustaining Gollum, that would be both a use of energy that could be better served controlling its new carrier, Bilbo. Unlike the novel, Gollum's fall into the Cracks of Doom is caused when Frodo wrestles him off the precipice. Eventually, he branches off, following a tributary of the river that trickles down from the distant Misty Mountains. Alternatively, some of Saruman's or Sauron's spies may have revealed to him the Fellowship was heading towards Moria. If the One Ring was truly planning things, I'm sure it wouldn't have wanted to lie in a river from TA 2 to TA 2463, only to be picked up by some random Hobbit. However, halfway through the journey westward, he suddenly turns south and inexplicably begins heading for Mordor. By using our Services, you agree to our use of cookies. When that happens, Gollum treacherously leads his two hobbit companions into a trap within Shelob's lair in the mountains surrounding Mordor. Another point to consider: a number of times, some speak of the 'ring wanting to return to its master; purposefully abandoning Ilsidor; having a wi Simple deform modifier is deforming my object. Rather than wearing it all the time, he keeps it close but unworn for most of his days. Chances are good that Gollum sets out in search of the Ring once again,although he initially has no success. Share Improve this answer Follow edited Feb 2, 2015 at 21:34 answered Jan 2, 2015 at 12:25 leftaroundabout 4,437 25 24 3 Gollum's old age owes a great deal to that fact. He is emaciated and gaunt, but possesses a vicious, wiry strength; Aragorn states, "his malice gives him a strength hardly to be imagined." Which was the first Sci-Fi story to predict obnoxious "robo calls"? Interestingly, part of Gollum's initial motivation in heading "underhill" isn't simply to escape the light or find a new home. Talk about an overreaction. The wizard's explanation reveals a critical part of the Gollum/Ring relationship. (Hint: the answer isn't just that he has it longer.). In the novel, Frodo doesn't attempt to attack Gollum; Gollum instead accidentally falls in when he dances with joy at his reclamation of the Ring and then loses his footing. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. During this time, he becomes a master tree climber, learning to grab and swing from the branches with both his hands and his feet. [3], Gollum's spying eyes in the Mines of Moria. What are the duties of a sanitary prefect in a school? However, his adventurous spirit is quickly dashed as he realizes that there's nothing worth discovering in the damp, dark caves. Gollum, on the other hand, was deprived of the Ring for the same amount of time, and while he clearly hungered for it fiercely, he suffered no effects of aging. Scan this QR code to download the app now. The ring allowed Gollum to possess the ring, for a very long time, (really, possessing him). Seemingly he then just waited there until he got lucky when the Fellowship of the Ring passed through. live on for years, quite happily: just stop as he was when he parted Tolkien put it, "through not having anyone else to speak to") and had a love/hate relationship, mirroring Gollum's love and hatred for the Ring and for himself. He finds them in the Forbidden Pool near Faramir's hideout. Gollum, conversely, used the Ring copiously and often for centuries. But wait, there's more than just raw fish and rabbits in store for Smagol's belly. But there are plenty of times when Gollum doesn't have a nice juicy fish nearby to gorge on and when that happens, his diet can get really weird. In a few different areas, actually. Bilbo, himself lost and looking for his companions, wanders down to the subterranean lake that happens to be the same place where Gollum has taken up his residence on a little island out in the water. Gollum got into Moria from the East. His skin color was also redesigned from a dark bluish-gray to a lighter, more pale color (the brief glimpses in The Fellowship of the Ring are of an older portrayal of Gollum). Frodo tames Gollum, bringing a hint of the old Smagol out of him for a time. VIEWS. Once Gollum discovers news regarding Bilbo's home country, he begins to travel back west in search of "Baggins" in the "Shire." He also informs him that it currently resides in a place called "Shire" and is owned by a creature named "Baggins.". World-building is never easy, and continuity errors can crop up in even the most carefully crafted universe. When Bilbo and Frodo possess the Ring, it extends their lives, whether they use it or not. The dissension becomes so great that his grandmother, looking for any way to calm the chaos, finally exiles him in an effort to keep to the peace. Vox Machina Go to Hell (191) is the seventh episode of the seventh chapter of Critical Role. How Long Did Gollum Have the Ring (& Where Did He Find It)? If youre planning to grow a Gollum Jade, read on to learn how you can adequately care for it. Race The Hobbit states he has pockets, in which he keeps a tooth sharpening rock, goblin teeth, wet shells, and a scrap of bat wing. Gollum is so excited about the trinket that he chooses it over everything else. Then, it did not expect to be possessed by a hobbit (Bilbo). Cookie Notice While connecting Gollum to hobbits is fairly obvious on the surface after all, he pretty clearly isn't a dwarf, an elf, or a man a more surprising piece of information is the fact that, per Gandalf's beliefs, Gollum is also likely descended from royalty within the hobbit ranks, or at least the closest thing to royalty within hobbit culture. Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? (Elrond referred to this too). He could spot and catch fish in almost any level of light and water. In both the 1981 BBC radio adaptation and in the Peter Jackson movies, Smagol is pronounced as "SMEE-gol", although the placement of the acute accent suggests that the correct pronunciation is "SMAY-uh-gol", IPA ['sme:.agol] After all, the Black Riders wore their Rings of Power for centuries and they turned permanently invisible. Alright, we've covered Gollum's origin story from its encouraging start to his ultimate demise. The elves initially follow his trail south through Mirkwood, but eventually, they give up. In July, TA 2941, during the Quest of Erebor, the Hobbit Bilbo Baggins stumbled upon the subterranean lake on which he lived and found Gollum's Ring. So they allow him to spend time outdoors under a watchful guard. He was known to eat almost anything that was living or edible and could stomach anything raw and uncooked. In Middle-earth parlance, hes a creature known as a Maia (plural: Maiar). Stoor-hobbits Did the Ring continue to extend his life after he lost it? Lord of the Rings Predicted Gollum Taking the Ring From Frodo - 500 Years Earlier, Tolkien Believed Gollum Could've Been Redeemed, Move Aside, Frodo, Gollum Is the Real Hero, A Theory Gives a Darker Reason for Gollums Fractured Personality, A Dark Theory Gives Gollums Name a New Meaning, J.R.R. Privacy Policy. Out and about again, Gollum finds that access to fresh air and better food helps his physical body grow stronger. Literally. and our Eyes It granted him an "unnatural long life," as Galadriel explained during the opening voice-over to The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. During their angling activities, Dagol is pulled into the water by a giant fish. This comes from multiple lines in the books. He found Hobbit and Elven food repulsive. Yes he did! Finally, and perhaps most importantly, Bilbo didn't use the Ring very often. The One Wiki to Rule Them All is a FANDOM Movies Community. Gollum fishing in the Forbidden Pool in Ithilien. Do you have any evidence for this theory at all? Do you have any evidence for this as opposed to just a personal theory? Let's start from the beginning, shall we? Edit: Youve pointed out that he wouldnt physically survive, similar to how Bilbo aged rapidly. Little does he know that he's in the earliest stages of the metamorphosis that will transform him from the unappealing yet not all that bad Smagol into the sniveling, gurgling, villainous Gollum. Gollum, originally named Smagol (or Trahald), was at first a Stoor, one of the three early Hobbit-types. He pulled it out only when he wished to avoid someone -- notably his sour relations, the Sackville-Baggins -- or to play a prank as he did during his birthday party at the beginning of The Fellowship of the Ring. Eru created the world, the Valar and everything else during the Ainulindal. How did Gollum survive falling off the ledge in Shelob's cave? By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. While several members of the Fellowship including Aragorn, Sam, and Frodo become aware of him, they're unable to shake him as they travel down the Great River in the closing act of The Fellowship of the Ring. He literally killed his good friend at the drop of a hat to own it. Agreeing to the oath, Gollum swore by the "Precious" itself as the Ring was treacherous and would hold Gollum to his word, so Frodo released him to show them the way to Mordor. He eats a goblin in "The Hobbit," and is all-too-ready to snack on Bilbo, too, although he doesn't get the chance. Not surprisingly, after this point, Aragorn remains one of Gollum's most hated enemies. Some fans also think Gollum's skin should have been much darker. In fact, he begins to call it his "precious" and his "birthday present," and he assuages his murderous guilt by convincing himself over and over again that Dagol should have given the Ring to him when he found it. He's closely connected to Shelob. Gollum frames Sam for eating all the food and isolates Frodo before leading him into Shelob's lair, hoping that she will kill him so he can take the Ring. that he used as a riddle to Bilbo, and would much later sing to Frodo Baggins in a longer version. If the Ring were sustaining Gollum, literally providing him with life-force, as soon as it left his possession, he would die. What do you think would happen? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. There, he spills the beans, revealing to the Dark Lord that the One Ring has been found. Serkis reported much later that when he was approached to play the voice for a digital character, his agent warned him not to go anywhere near the gig. Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? . There are several instances in the story, the Ring would have been better off severing its link to Gollum, particularly before it fell into Mount Doom. Its real, its right here and I have the god damn pictures to prove it. It was very apt that Gollum died with the ring as he probably wouldn't have survived its destruction. WebIt was the source of Khazad-dm's huge wealth, but ultimately its mining was the cause of its downfall. When he went to get his "birthday present," however, he found that it was gone. Inadvertently, Gollum would play a vital role in the ultimate Quest of the Ring. In fact, in the original version, Gollum proposes a Riddle Game where he eats Bilbo if he wins, but get this he gives Bilbo a magic ring that he has if the Hobbit wins. Another change that we have to point out about Gollum's evolution has to do with how Tolkien adjusted the character right in the books themselves. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Gollum finally seized the Ring from Frodo Baggins at the Cracks of Doom in Mount Doom in Mordor, but he fell into the fires of the volcano, where both he and the Ring were destroyed. Gollum follows the company of adventurers out of the mountains and on into Lothlorien and beyond. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. WebLthien and Huan the Wolfhound came to this fallen stronghold to save the imprisoned Beren, Lthien's lover. He/himself because he was a murderer and coveted the ring from Drogo from the beginning? In fact, without his involvement, a very good argument could be made that the protagonists of the story would've never been able to achieve a final and complete victory over Sauron. Scan this QR code to download the app now. The simple answer is: Hollywood physics and dramatic necessity. In The Silmarillion, Tolkien outlined the process as shifting from the land of the living to Sauron's "realm of shadows," which happens to everyone who falls under the Ring's influence. Would the One Ring even work for anyone but Sauron? What are the advantages of running a power tool on 240 V vs 120 V? Then why Bilbo was old and dying when he quit Middle-Earth? Frodo, Sam, and Gollum left Faramir and began crossing the Morgul Vale and proceeded to climb the Stairs of Cirith Ungol, in the border-mountains of the Ephel Dath (Mountains of Shadow). The narrator tells us this in The Hobbit. WebThe Ring still existed when Gollum lost it to Bilbo, and when Bilbo gave it to Frodo. His loss of the Ring and the events of The Lord of the Rings are separated by around 77 years. Weeping, Gollum leaves his childhood home and heads off into the wild. He passed through Moria, but could not make it out of the Doors of Durin. Gollum continued trailing the remaining members. It was key to his survival in the Misty Mountains, where he would hunt goblins for food and otherwise need to avoid attention. We emphasise serious discussion here over jokey/meme-based posts. Earlier in the book, Tolkien himself explains that Gollum "had bowed and worshipped her," adding that "the darkness of her evil will walked through all the ways of his weariness beside him, cutting him off from light and from regret." SHARES. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. While his plan backfires spectacularly thanks to the heroics of Sam, Gollum continues to follow the hobbits as they work their way through Mordor and inch closer to Mount Doom. He also takes to a life of thievery. When Dagol refused, Smagol promptly flew into a rage and fought with Dagol over the Ring, choking him to death and taking the Ring as his own. For more information, please see our Gollum had lost the Ring while squabbling with an imp goblin in the network of caves leading to the lake, though in fact it is more proper to say that the Ring abandoned Gollum, for it was known to have a will of its own. Is it safe to publish research papers in cooperation with Russian academics? So, where do these two accounts differ? The use of magic is quite strange in many places in LOTR. There, he establishes a reputation among the locals as a blood-drinking ghost and a monster that steals their young out of nests and cradles. The Gollum Jade can survive both indoors and outdoors as long as it you give it adequate lighting and plant it in a well-draining soil mix. Since it didn't, it's safe to assume, Gollum's activity was purely his own, working from the remnants of his mortal life. Gandalf himself alludes to this when talking about Bilbo: it might take a long while for the influence to wear off. Rather than climb up and try to dislodge the master arboreal acrobat, the guards remain at the foot of the tree and wait. Where was he born? Lthien destroyed the tower and rescued Beren from the dungeons. Gollum's status as a creature "not so very different from a Hobbit" underlines another key reason for his extended life. WebGollum had lost the Ring while squabbling with an imp goblin in the network of caves leading to the lake, though in fact it is more proper to say that the Ring abandoned Gollum canoeing in his cave in the 1977 animated film. Naturally, the first thing to point out is that the written version of the character is much more complex than what we get on the silver screen. Gollum isn't the driving force in possessing the Ring. @DavRob60 The book opens with Bilbo celebrating his eleventy-first birthday, which is already fairly old in hobbit terms. All through the Quest, Frodo has been becoming more and more transparent to a Divine presence (Most likely Eru, but possibly Mandos or Manwe). Gollum loves the Ring. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Characters, The Fellowship of the Ring (film) characters, Characters that have appeared in the Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings, Characters in Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor, Characters in Middle-earth: Shadow of War, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Frodo and Sam were caught by Faramir, and Gollum followed them. He was also very good at not being seen and was an excellent waterman making use of anything that could float which made it possible for him to follow the Fellowship for so long. According to this list, he had the Ring for 478 years. And this jives with a line that Gandalf says in "The Fellowship of the Ring," when he tells Frodo that if a ring bearer "often uses the Ring to make himself invisible, he fades: he becomes in the end invisible permanently, and walks in the twilight under the eye of the dark power that rules the Rings.". Take your favorite motor oil (I prefer 5W30) at room temperature and fill a small pail. Over time, this turns into an addiction to hurting other people in one way or another. He had no will left in the matter.". We'll keep the comparison to Tolkien's original material and Peter Jackson's iconic films. Hi, welcome to SF&F. Bilbo, too, would prove resistant to the Ring's influence, which has a bearing on why his apparent age is affected so much differently than Gollum's age. WebI doubt that he could survives physically destruction of the Ring. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? He crosses paths with the Fellowship of the Ring as they attempt to get to the other side of the mountains through the dark caverns of Moria. This scene was originally earmarked for The Two Towers but held back because it was felt that audiences would relate better to the original Smagol once they were more familiar with who he became. However, the key phrase here is "often uses." what are the 3 odd numbers just before 200 003? For instance, while book Gollum is thin and gangly, he's also described in "The Hobbit" as "a small slimy creature." Yes, the Ring continued to extend Bilbo and Gollum's lives after they stopped bearing it up until the destruction of the Ring. Gandalf himself allu Everyone knows that. Sure, he's sympathetic, and the Ring irresistibly controls him, but as the story plays out, the hopeful Smagol half of the character fades and the evil Gollum half takes over. Gollum swore an oath to do whatever it took not to let Sauron have the Ring. Evil Killed One of James Bond's Most Iconic Villains, Why Bill Hader Refuses to Sign Star Wars Merchandise. Gollum is a loner. The name is Isildur. The creature is ultimately caught by Frodo and Sam as they attempt to travel to Mordor on their own. In any case, when trying to pronounce Smagol, it should be kept in mind that the pronunciation rules given in the Appendices for The Lord of the Rings are for the Elvish languages, and not for (old) English representing Westron and related languages. Gollum falling into the fires of Mount Doom with the Ring was neither Gollums choice, nor an accident. He even hates the Ring that has led him to such a miserable existence, regardless of the fact that, due to its enchanting power, he could never part with it even if he wanted to. He suddenly realized the true answer to Bilbo's last riddle"What have I got in my pocket?" He was utterly corrupted. He was captured on his return, taken to the dungeons of Barad-dr and forced to reveal to Sauron under intense torture what he knew about the Ring. literature. But they tend to keep things civil most of the time. When you run into a character with this much depth and inner conflict, one of the most natural questions that arises is how they got to be that way in the first place. At one point, Smagol and his friend Dagol go on a fishing expedition far away from home. While Gollum generally plays the part of a villain throughout The Lord of the Rings, there's no doubt that his waffling personalities, not to mention his final actions, have an enormous effect on the way that the story plays out. He discovers secrets about them and then uses his stolen knowledge to cause all sorts of crooked and evil mischief. In fact, he's specifically described, even at this early stage in life, as always looking downward. While he attempts to chase Bilbo down and regain his most prized possession, the hobbit manages to escape, leaving Gollum in what can truly be described as the depths of despair. Smagol's "real" Westron name was Trahald, of the meaning "burrowing, worming in or "apt to creep into a hole". Do you wonder at that, Ring-bearer? Reader Erica writes in to ask, If you fell into a volcano, how would you die? A creature of habit, it doesn't take long until he finds his way back into the underbelly of the Misty Mountains, this time via the abandoned dwarvish city of Moria. The scene ends with Frodo literally sending Sam home and continuing on with Gollum which is complete rubbish. During this time, he begins to adopt the habit of wearing the One Ring to invisibly catch fish and then eat them raw. He appeared to be an old, deformed, and twisted creature. He lived in the Misty Mountains for over four hundred years, living on raw blind fish (which he caught from his small row boat), bats, and, occasionally, small Goblins. Weta Workshop's early stages of visualizing how Gollum could look, before Andy Serkis' face was accommodated, is covered in the last chapter of The Art of The Two Towers by Gary Russell, and in "Part Three: The Journey Continues" in the extended edition appendices.

Capacious Spinal Canal, Tracie Spencer Fresh Prince Of Bel Air, Elenco Marchi Orafi Vicenza, Bushwell Plaza Seattle Apartments For Rent, Articles H